Comprehensive overnight sleep studies to diagnose sleep disorders including sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and other sleep-related breathing disorders using advanced monitoring technology and expert analysis.
A sleep study (polysomnography) is a comprehensive, non-invasive test that monitors multiple physiological parameters during sleep. It's the gold standard for diagnosing sleep disorders and involves overnight monitoring in a specialized sleep laboratory equipped with advanced technology.
Electroencephalography records brain waves to determine sleep stages, REM sleep, and detect seizure activity during sleep.
Electrooculography tracks eye movements to identify REM sleep phases and other sleep-related eye movement disorders.
Electromyography monitors muscle tension and movement, particularly useful for detecting leg movements and muscle atonia during REM sleep.
Continuous cardiac monitoring to detect arrhythmias and heart rate variability during different sleep stages.
Monitors breathing patterns, airflow, chest and abdominal movements to detect sleep-related breathing disorders.
Pulse oximetry continuously measures blood oxygen levels to detect hypoxemia during sleep.
Description: Repeated collapse of upper airway during sleep causing breathing interruptions.
Symptoms: Loud snoring, gasping, daytime fatigue, morning headaches, difficulty concentrating.
Severity Assessment: Mild (5-15 events/hour), Moderate (15-30 events/hour), Severe (>30 events/hour)
Description: Brain fails to send proper signals to breathing muscles during sleep.
Symptoms: Observed apneas, awakening with shortness of breath, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness.
Associated Conditions: Heart failure, stroke, high altitude, opioid use
Description: Neurological disorder affecting sleep-wake cycles with excessive daytime sleepiness.
Symptoms: Sudden sleep attacks, cataplexy (muscle weakness), sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations.
Testing: Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) following overnight study
Description: Uncomfortable sensations in legs with irresistible urge to move them.
Symptoms: Leg discomfort worse at rest, temporary relief with movement, symptoms worse in evening.
Impact: Difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakening, daytime fatigue
Description: Misalignment between internal body clock and desired sleep-wake schedule.
Types: Delayed sleep phase, advanced sleep phase, shift work disorder, jet lag disorder.
Assessment: Sleep diary, actigraphy, melatonin level testing
Description: Loss of normal muscle atonia during REM sleep allowing dream enactment.
Symptoms: Violent or complex behaviors during sleep, vivid dreams, potential injury to self or partner.
Associations: Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, multiple system atrophy
Instructions: Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and daytime naps. Maintain regular sleep schedule for 1-2 weeks before study.
Medications: Continue regular medications unless specifically instructed otherwise. Discuss sleep medications with doctor.
Check-in: Arrive 1-2 hours before usual bedtime. Complete paperwork and questionnaires.
Room Tour: Familiarize with sleep lab room, bathroom facilities, and emergency procedures.
EEG Electrodes: Multiple electrodes placed on scalp to monitor brain activity during different sleep stages.
Additional Sensors: Eye movement sensors, chin EMG, chest/abdominal belts, nasal airflow sensor, pulse oximeter.
Sleep Period: 7-8 hours of monitoring during natural sleep. Technician monitors from adjacent room.
Interventions: CPAP titration if sleep apnea detected, position changes, sensor adjustments as needed.
Wake-up: Gentle awakening at predetermined time. Sensor removal and cleanup.
Questionnaires: Sleep quality assessment, symptom evaluation, discharge instructions.
Scoring: Detailed analysis of sleep stages, breathing events, movements, and cardiac activity.
Report: Comprehensive report with diagnosis, severity assessment, and treatment recommendations.
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